Main Article Content

Abstract

This article discusses the long-lasting problem of the Indonesian practice of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) among Muslim communities. With the purpose to identify the religious and medical rationalization of the FGM/C practice and if it needs to be re-evaluated. The data collection in this study was carried out through a literature study from various secondary sources. This article concludes that Indonesia's religious basis for FGM/C practice that is mandated by MUI in 2008 is full of loopholes. The rationalization and ambiguous regulations made by Permenkes No.6/2014 also create more confusion among civilians and healthcare practitioners that cause medicalization practice for FGM/C. In addition to the way of Indonesia's national and international policy that prone to the realization of international commitments and SDGs 2030. Therefore Indonesia's government needs to pay more attention to FGM/C problems as it can affect the development of Indonesia to achieve its national and international commitment.

Keywords

Genital mutilation, religion, medicalization, SDGs

Article Details

How to Cite
Saputro, L. K. P., & Khairur Rijal, N. (2023). THE URGENCY TO RE-EVALUATE FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION PRACTICE AMONG MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN INDONESIA. SANGKéP: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan, 5(2), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v5i2.6454

References

  1. Portal Data Kementrian Agama. Data Umat Berdasarkan Agama. https://data.kemenag.go.id/statistik/agama/umat/agama, 2022. (accessed 23 May 2022).
  2. World Health Organization (WHO). Female Genital Mutilation. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation, 21 January 2022. (accessed 23 May 2022)
  3. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF). Indonesia Statistical Profile on Female Genital Mutilation, January 2019.
  4. Dewi H.S, Eddy K, Nowi W, Sri P.(2017). Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Standing Between the Tradition and Modernity. University of Gadjahmada, Center for Population and Policy Studies (PSSK).
  5. T. Kakal, I. Hidayana, B. Abeje, T. Gitau, M. Kok, A. Van der Kwaak. (2021). What makes a woman? Case studies documenting the reasons for and circumstances of female genita mutilation/cutting in Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Kenya, research square, 4-6. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-786579/v1
  6. Hukum Pelarangan Khitan Terhadap Perempuan. Majelis Ulama Indonesia Komisi Fatwa, 2008.
  7. Lethome A., Ibrahim and Maryam Sheikh Abdi. (2008). Delinking female genital mutilation/cuting from Islam. Nairobi: Population Council. p8-11.
  8. Kertas Konsep Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan. Pencegahan dan Penghapusan Pemotongan/ Pelukaan Genitalia Perempuan (P2GP). Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan, Jakarta, 2019.
  9. A.N. Rohmah, A.A. Zafi. Jejak Eksistensi Mazhab Syafi’i di Indonesia, tamaddun vol. 8 (1 July 2020) 174-175. https://www.syekhnurjati.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/tamaddun/index
  10. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 6 Tahun 2014, Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2014.
  11. Kementrian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia (KEMEN PPPA). Siaran Pers Nomor: B-236/Set/Rokum/MP 01/ 09/2020. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/read/29/2868/sunat-perempuan-timbulkan-trauma-pada-ibu-dan-anak-korban-sunat, 2020. (Accessed 13 June 2022)
  12. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines on the management of health complications from female genital mutilation. Geneva 2016.
  13. A.Dawson, A. Rashid R. Shuib, K. Wickramage, M. Budiharsana, I.M. Hidayana, G.Marranci. (2019). Addressing female genital mutilation in the Asia Pacific: the neglected sustainable deelopment program target. Austalian dan New Zealand Journal of Public Health, p.1-2. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12956
  14. E.R. Rahmawati, L. Maknun. (2017). Khitan perempuan dalam fatwa MUI No.9A tahun 2008 dan PERMENKES No. 6 taun 2014 perspektif Maqashid a-syari’ah. Egalita: Jurnal kesetaraan dan keadilan gender, Volume 12, No.2. p.11-14.
  15. Kementrian Pemberdayaan Peremppuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia (KEMEN PPPA). Siaran Pers Nomor: B-155/Set/Rokum/MP 01/07/2020. https://kemenpppa.go.id/index.php/page/read/29/2787/upaya-upaya-pencegahan-praktik-sunat-perempuan-menjadi-tanggung-jawab-bersama, 2020. (Accessed 13 June 2022)
  16. E. Leye, N. Van Eekert, S. Shamu, T. Esho, H. Barret, ANSER. (2019). Debating medicalization of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): learning from (policy) experiencs across countries. Reproductive health, 16:158, 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0817-3
  17. Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action. The fourth world conference on women, United Nations (UN), 1995.
  18. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations (UN), 1948.
  19. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 Tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Wanita (Convention on The Elimination of All Kinds of Discrimination Against Women). DPR RI, Jakarta, 1984.
  20. Muteshi, J.K., Miller, S. & Belizán, J.M. (2016). The ongoing violence against women: Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. Reprod Health 13, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0159-3
  21. Rymer,J.,O’Flynn, Norma. (2013) Female Genital Mutilation: Everyone’s Problem, British Journal of General Practice. DOI: 10.3399/bjgp13X673586
  22. Seidu,A.S., Osman,H.D., Bimpong, K.A., Afriyie, K. (2021) "Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Resulting in Genital Tract Obstruction and Sexual Dysfunction: A Case Report and Literature Review", Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 2021, Article ID 9986542, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9986542
  23. Pearce,A.J., Bewley, S., (2013). Medicalization of female genital mutilation: Harm reduction or unethical?. Obsterics, Gynaecology, and reproductive medicine, Vol 24, p. 29-30.