Culture And Religion Value in E-English Textbook for Junior High School: A Content Analysis

The aim of this study is to know the culture and religion value contains in an English textbook for junior high school. Culture and religion have integrated into each utterance that is in the textbook. The study used the qualitative approach through a content analysis method. The procedure value analysis used Byram’s theory. Data were taken from an utterance in each chapter. The result of the data analysis found that belief and behaviour have 22,8%, socialization and life cycle has 60%, stereotypes and national identity has 11,4%, and Social and political institution has 5,8%. The value that dominates in the textbook is socialization and life cycle. The material in the textbook concern to a local and simple concept.


INTRODUCTION
The textbook has the main role in teaching and learning process like as English language teaching-learning process in the classroom. It is sources of information and an effective tool to improve students' learning experience and ability. So, the teachers have to use an appropriate textbook that is able to full learners' needs in English learning. In era digital, students and teachers can access the textbook using the internet network, like an ebook. Nowadays, our government has published Electronic School Book is known Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) which can get in a form of electronic. Then, the lack of nationally textbook is fulfilled. Because the price of the textbook usually is too expensive. The e-book is as media of learning can support the process of learning in the classroom. It is like a print book. It's appropriate with Cunningsworth's suggest that textbooks are the source for achieving predetermined goals and objectives as the students' needs. 32 It means that the textbook is used to get the success of learning in the class. So, it gave the changing of process learning ways. The student is able to get all the knowledge. As it is known in Crawford that textbook is as a possible agent for change. 33 Therefore, the textbook has 3 elements to assess, namely comprehensibility, curriculum, and instruction. 34 Brophy's research that has examined how to teach using textbooks in elementary schools in the United States, discovered that elementary school teachers did not teach strictly by their textbooks. Instead, they adapted the particular curriculum to the needs of their students. In particular, experienced teachers, who are comfortable in their knowledge of the subject matter Mei feel confident it will not be available to the less experienced teachers who Mei then depend heavily on the textbook for guidance . 35 Thus, the textbook can be used by the teacher to help the students in the class. It is as media effective to deliver knowledge.
The content of the textbook must be understood comprehensive, so the values that want to teach are able to attach the students. Besides that, it has relevance with the purposes which is in the curriculum and syllabus. Of course, it is harmony with the instruction process.
Because the English textbook for Junior High School is able to guide on a good character and a good textbook contains some character education value as building process of soft skills learning. Each content has some value that builds students' character education. One of the character education values is religion and culture social value. Some research had done to explore these values in the English material. Ramjzoo has compared two textbooks. In his result research concluded that international textbooks have relevance in principles of communication with the local culture. 36 Other research from Cheng & Beigi shows that textbooks were also analyzed to determine whether the propagation of religious content was overt or covert. Finally, the impact of religious content in textbooks was discussed with reference to identity and nation-building. 37 Textbooks are cultural artefacts developed by authors with their own cultural assumptions and biases. The topical and linguistic contents of the books are necessarily engulfed in the cultural structures. The cultural density in such books is suggestive of the tacit goal that foreign language learners need to get acculturated to the target language culture if learning is to be achieved. listening, reading and writing. The textbook has some text and dialogue which is completed with the exercise. In each utterance that used both text or exercise has value to teach character education like as culture and religion. So, the student will not only get information to improve their knowledge but also they learn good character value to prepare students as a quality human with a good attitude. It has a harmony concept between hard skills, technique skills, and soft skills. While we know that Junior High School is the transition period for students from the child to adult. It is a critic period, if they never receive a good guide from the character and religion value, the impact will show in their result of an act in each situation.
To answer the problem and challenge that faced the digital era and easy period to access everything is very important to build good students' character. Then, this study concern to explore the culture and religion value that is in the English language material for Junior High School.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses a qualitative approach using content analysis methods. The

FINDING AND DISCUSSION
The process of analysis has some steps as a content analysis procedure. There are 3 textbooks that are taken form grade VII, VIII, and IX. The process identifies the value that refers to Byram's theory. These values are taken as comprehensive from each chapter. Based on the analysis data process, here is the result of recapitulation data; known as an integrated value that is in the culture and religion value. These help the student to build the character.
The first is belief and behaviour. The belief contained in the English textbook for junior high school students teaches them to be someone who has confidence in the actions that must be taken. This means that they must be able to determine what is right and wrong.
This can be reflected in the attitudes and behaviours that arise in each action. Belief can be used to make decisions, we are assuming the causal relationships of the past, which led to the belief, will also apply in the future. In a rapidly changing world where complexity is increasing day by day, using information from the past to make decisions about the future Mei not be the best way to support us in meeting our needs. It can be concluded that belief is a part of religion value that can be developed in the textbook content. These books have a good design and setting the content of materials in English learning to delivery the religion system. They packed it in text and dialogue of daily life. So, it is a benefit system to be a success in the learning process.
The second is the socialization and life cycle. It related to the ways of human to do their life. The student has taught the process of socialization in society and the ways are to make the relationship. While in stereotypes and national identity refers to the process of the identities of people. The material in these books present the differences between people from Indonesia. It has taught the nationality soul to each student. The last social and political institution has taught the way to give caring for each other.
Many researchers has proved to evaluate the textbook. Tan, Mahadir Naidu, & Jamil@Osman has identified the dominant moral values of a good citizen that are conveyed by Malaysian moral education textbooks. 40 The findings demonstrate that 'responsibility' is the dominant value for shaping a good citizen in Malaysia. The value of responsibility in the textbooks embraces not only the meanings of self-obligation and accountability, but responsibility is also defined as an individual‫׳‬s sense of self-discipline in their behaviour that enables them to avoid conflict and strive for harmonious social order. The other important values are "Respect", "Helpful", "Hard-working" and "Caring". This study provides an example of how a multi-ethnic nation state like Malaysia promotes these moral values through its educational curriculum, for political legitimacy and forging national unity.
Other research is evidenced by Behnam, Mozaheb. 41 The findings of this study demonstrated that religion is an integral part of Iranian EFL textbooks, which is taught indirectly. Additionally, Iranian EFL textbooks promote Islamic notions and ideology regarding theocratic countries. Moral implicature is not the concern of this study however, the main focus of this study is the change in the Western viewpoint of inclusiveness while looking at a theocratic setting i.e., Iran. Additionally, the researchers of the present study suggest that it is important to promote the sense of nationhood in EFL textbooks among members of theocratic countries.
These English textbooks intended to a local value. The culture has given the concept of belief, attitude, behaviour, spiritual and lifestyle. So, the cultural value in these books has included religion value. The belief (religion) and culture have an important role. It shows in every instruction of learning in the textbooks. The Indonesian government has designed English textbooks that are equipped with values such as complete cultural values and religious values. So that the government's goal in building graduates with good character can be achieved. Therefore, the material presented is also in accordance with current needs and is directly related to real life. If it is understood more deeply that the English textbook for junior high school students that has been designed by the Indonesian government bookkeeping agency also presents the concept of contextual learning. The combination of cultural values and religion unites into meaningful unity. It can be showed in each utterance in the textbook through the informative capacities.

CONCLUSION
The result of analysis shown that the dominant of values is socialization and life cycle and the second is belief and behaviour. It presented the simple material and authentic.