Main Article Content
Abstract
As a spirit, multiculturalism supposed to be an adhesive social harmony and co-existence in different cultural background of society, including religious differences. By the spirit of multiculturalism, a multicultural society would be able to coexist peacefully (peace co-existence) and establish a relationship patterns in a relational tolerance while looking at each other even in forms of disparity which is inherent in every member of society, not exception the disparity of religion and orientation diversity. Establishment of spirit of multiculturalism absolutely important in the context of inter-religious relations are often shows in many cases in face of antagonistic. So that there are at least five strategic steps to strengthen the spirit of multiculturalism in the dynamic relationships between people, namely 1) strengthening the tradition of dialogue, 2) regulation of broadcasting activities of religion, 3) reeducation through educational institutions, 4) reorientation of the role of religious institutions 5) strengthening the principle of constitutionalism well as law enforcement. In multiculturalism perspective, the five steps will lead religious communities, majority and minority, the wisdom in dealing with various truths that appear in the form of religion which is so diverse. This is an affirmation which put the spirit of multiculturalism encounter social relevance, namely the strategic value for the creation of cohesiveness in the harmony of the relationship between multicultural people.
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References
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- Baso, Ahmad, Plesetan Lokalitas: Politik Pribumisasi Islam (Depok: Desantara, 2002).
- Bekker, Simon dan Anne Leilde, “Is Multiculturalism a Workable Policy in South Africa,” dalam John Rex dan Gurharpal Sing (eds.),Governance in Multicultural Societies (London: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2004).
- Bissoondath, Neil, Selling Illusions: The Myth of Multiculturalism (Toronto: Penguin, 2002).
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- Hagopian, Mark N., Regimes, Movement, and Ideology (New York and London: Longman, 1978).
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- Hikam, Muhammad AS, Demokrasi dan Civil Society (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1996).
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References
Ali-Fauzi, Ihsan, Rudy Harisyah Alam, dan Samsu Rizal Panggabean, “Pola-pola Konflik Keagamaan di Indonesia (1990-2008)”, Laporan Penelitian--Paramadina-MPRK UGM-The Asia Foundation (Jakarta, 2009).
Baso, Ahmad, Plesetan Lokalitas: Politik Pribumisasi Islam (Depok: Desantara, 2002).
Bekker, Simon dan Anne Leilde, “Is Multiculturalism a Workable Policy in South Africa,” dalam John Rex dan Gurharpal Sing (eds.),Governance in Multicultural Societies (London: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2004).
Bissoondath, Neil, Selling Illusions: The Myth of Multiculturalism (Toronto: Penguin, 2002).
Daja, Burhanuddin, “Bingkai Teologis Kerukunan dan Upaya Pemasyarakatannya,” dalam Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Ushuluddin Essensia, Vol. I No. 1 (Januari, 2000).
Fay, Brian dan C.W. Watson sebagaimana dikutip Parsudi Suparlan, “Menuju Masyarakat Indonesia yang Multikultural,” Makalahpada Simposium Internasional Bali ke-3 Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia di Denpasar Bali, 16-21 Juli 2002.
Geertz, Clifford, “The Javanese Kijaji: The Changing Role of a Cultural Broker,” Comparative Studies on Society and History, II/2 (January, 1960): 228-49.
Gollnick, Donna M. dan Philip C. Chinn, Multicutural Education in a Pluralistic Society(New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall, 2002).
Hagopian, Mark N., Regimes, Movement, and Ideology (New York and London: Longman, 1978).
Hasani, Ismail, ed. Submissive to Mass Judgment: State’s Justification in Prosecuting Freedom of Religion and Belief(Jakarta: SETARA Institute, 2007).
Hernández, Hilda, Multicultural Education: A Teacher’s Guide to Linking Context, Process, and Content (New Jersey: Merril Prentice-Hall, 2001).
Hikam, Muhammad AS, Demokrasi dan Civil Society (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1996).
Huntington, Samuel P., “The Clash of Civilization?” dalam Foreign Affairs(Summer, 1993): 22-49.
King, Richard, Agama, Orientalisme, dan Poskolonialisme, terj. Agung Prihantoro (Jogjakarta: Qalam, 2001).
Kung, Hans dan Karl-Josef Kuschel (eds.), A Global Ethic: The Declaration of the Parliament of the World’s Religion (New York: Continuum, 1993).
Lamphere, Louise, “The Domestic Sphere of Women and the Public World of Man: The Strenghts and Limitations of an Antropological Dictionary,” dalam Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective, eds. Caroline B. Brettel dan Carolyn F. Sargent (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993): 67-75.
Madjid, Nurcholish, Islam Agama Kemanusiaan: Membangun Tradisi dan Visi Baru Islam Indonesia (Jakarta: Paramadina, 1995).
Mahajan, Gurpreet, Rethinking Multiculturalism, dalam http://www.india. seminar. com/ 1994
Al-Makassary, Ridwan, “Pengarusutamaan Multikulturalisme bagi Masyarakat Islam Indonesia: Sebuah Kerangka Konseptual untuk Aksi,” Makalahpada Annual Conference on Islamic Studies 2007di Pekanbaru Riau, 21-24 Nopember 2007: 1-19.
Parekh, Bikhu, “National Culture and Multiculturalism”, dalam Kenneth Thomson (ed.), Media and Cultural Regulation (London: Sage Publications, 1997).
Roe, Hiroko Horikoshi, Kyai dan Perubahan Sosial, terj. Umar Basalim dan Andy Muarly Sunrawa (Jakarta: P3M, 1987).
Shore, Cris, “Introduction: Towards an Anthropology of Elites,” dalam Elite Cultures: Anthropological Perspectives, eds. Cris Shore dan Stephen Nugent (London: Routledge, 2002): 1-21.
Suparlan, Parsudi, “Multikulturalisme sebagai Modal Dasar bagi Aktualisasi Kesejahteraan Rakyat Indonesia,” Makalah pada Sarasehan Nasional: Menghidupkan dan Memantapkan Multikulturalisme sebagai Modal untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Indonesia, Kemenko Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat dan UIN Syahid Jakarta, 8 September 2004.
Thontowi, Jawahir, “Multikulturalisme dan Agenda Pembaharuan Sosial,” dalam Jurnal Media Inovasi, No. 1 Th. XI (2001): 16-7.
Thufail, Fadjar I., “Riot Narrative: Public Sphere, Pragmatism, and (Multi) Cultural Politics,” Jurnal Antropologi Indonesia, XXVIII, No. 75 dalam http://www.jai.or.id/jurnal/2004/75 /09fit75.htm pada 29 April 2008.
Umam, Fawaizul, “Antara Membina dan Memperbanyak Umat: Pola Penyiaran Agama Hindu dan Islam di Kota Mataram” dalam Jurnal
KOMUNIKE Jurusan KPI Fakultas Dakwah dan Komunikasi IAIN Mataram Volume 6 Nomor 2 (Desember, 2014): 79-96.
Wahono, Asri Oktavianty, dkk., Reformasi Hukum terhadap Kebijakan Diskriminasi Ras dan Etnis di Indonesia (Jakarta: Solidaritas Nusa
Bangsa – The Asia Foundation, 2003).
“Majelis Tinggi Agama Konghucu Indonesia”, dalam http://id.wikipedia.
org/ wiki/Majelis_ Tinggi _Agama_Konghucu_Indonesia.