Main Article Content
Abstract
In Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, people is lives are regulated on daily basis by religious law, traditional (adat) law and state law. To understand these complex cultural and religious processes as they affect women in particular, I will examine the issue of divorce, also known as sue divorce. This tipe of divorce is socially-sanctioned. I will focus my examination in Mataram, an city of Lombok West Nusa Tenggara. In Lombok society marriage constitutes an important part of the life cycle. Someone is not considered an adult until marriage. Marriage is not only united two individual, but also united two families. However this dream canot be realized over the long term. If family problems arise and there are no suitable solutions, people may choose to divorce. For instance, if a wife unable to fulfill her obligations as a wife, her husband can divorce her by verbal means alone, according to any of the three existing legal systems (religious customary or state law). By contrast, if her husband unable to fulfill her obligations as a husband his wife can divorce him in only one way by making an application to Islamic Court to do divorce.
In marriage available successful couple builds the family that sakinah, mawaddah and warahmah. But then available also that unsuccessful and end with separate or divorce. Separate constitutes a thing that often happens deep good human life divorce the initiating from the husband and also divorce the initiating from the wife, that its cause islamic law puts attention that adequately significant to that thing. It can appear if understand about islamic law, undoubtedly will find both of previous thing and its terminological islamic law. There is no divorce without started by marriage. But upon that aim not attained, therefore divorce constitutes last way out that must been sailed through. Divorce can't be done but there is grounds which corrected by religion, adat and state law. In islamic law, that divorce grounds experience developing according to social development. Basically islamic law establishes that divorce reason which is wrangle which really culminates and jeopardize the so called soul safety with “ syiqaq ”. Intention is if worried a couple its happening dispute (dispute not only means wrangle among husband or wife can also distinctive principle and opinion) therefore delegate a someone of its husband family and a someone of wife family. And if both of wife and husband will goodness and they can make resolution and look for the solution, but if there are suitable solution wife or husband can do divorce.
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References
- Depag RI, Bahan Penyuluhan Hukum, Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 tahun 1974. Tentang Perkawinan, 117.
- Sobri Mersi Al-Faqi, Solusi Problematika Modern, (Surabaya: Pustaka Yasir, 2011), 29.
- Al-Qur’an Surat an-Nisa(4) ayat 35
- Dedi Junaedi, Bimbingan Perkawinan, Membina Keluarga Sakinah Menurut Al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah, (Jakarta: Akademi Presindo, 2010), 15.
- Shoheh Fiqh Sunnah 1. Mubah, its rule is women was hateful cohabit its husband because dislike and fear can't accomplish its husband rights that and can not uphold Allah limitation in obedience to her, with God's decree basic: “If you are worried that both (spouse) can't carry on Allah laws, therefore no sin on both about pay which gave for a wife redeems her.” (Qs. Al Baqarah 2:229). Ibnu Hits to give rule with al Khulu ’ it by declares for that it is a husband divorce its wife with replacings paying hand over to husband. This was prohibitted but in a state worried both or one of it can't perform that commanded by God. It can appearance of to be not deep sukaan family intercourse, can become since its bad behavior or its fleshly thing. And so do lost this prohibition if both needs since worried al Bainunah al's causative sin I bra (big separate or divorce three). Syeikh al Basâm declares for al Khulu lets that ’ (sue parts) for woman if wives hate its husband behavior or worried sin because can't accomplish its rights. If husbands loves it, therefore for following sunnah wives patient and not chooses separate. 2. Bastard, if husband gets into a mess wives and boycott it or not give its rights witting and a sort it that wives pays to her ransom by way of divorce sue. Al Khulu ’ the batil and its ransom is backed to woman and woman state makes a abode as origin it, if khulu ’ not with lafazh divorce. And if wife asks for to part eventually its family relationship good and not happening dispute and wrangle between wife husband couple and no reason syar ’ i. one corrects to mark sense khulu ’. 3. Sunnah, if husband despises (Mufarrith) right for rights God therefore wives following the sunnah al Khulu ’ terminological Ahmad Bin Hambal's. 4. Mandatory, sometimes al Khulu ’ as its law mandatory on plays favorites situation as person that never does sholat, eventually was reminded. Such also on problem, suppose husbands have confidence or conduct who can issue it of islam and makes it heterodox. Women can't prove it infrint of jurisdiction judge for punishment apart or can prove it, but judge jurisdiction not heterodox give the punishment and nor part liabilities. Therefore mandatory to the woman of under the circumstances to ask for of its husband that khulu ’ although has to turn over asset. Since is not equitable a muslimah becomes person wife that have confidence and atheist conduct.
- Asghar ali Engginer, Pembebasan prempuan, terjemahan Agus nuryanto(Yogyakarta:Lkis,2003),127.
- Tim Penyusun Buku, Analisis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perceraian, Jakarta 317, Ditbinbanpera Depag RI, 1990, 69-73.
- Shahih Fikih Sunnah 3/340
- Taudhih al-Ahkâm Min Bulugh al-Marâm, Syeikh Abdullah bin Abdurrahman al-Basâm, cetakan kelima tahun 1423H, Maktabah al-Asadi, Makkah 5/468
- Amir, Syarifuddin, Hukum Perkawinan Islam di Indoneia antara Fiqh Munakahat dan Undang-undang Perkawinan. Jakarta: Prenada Media. 2007.
- Fat-hul Bari 9
- Taudhih al-Ahkâm 5/469
- Nail al-Author Min Ahadits Sayyid al-Akhyaar Syarh Muntaqaa al-Akhbaar, Muhammad bin Ali al-Syaukani, tahqiq Muhammad Saalim Haasyim, cetakan pertama tahun 1415 H, Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah, Bairut 6/260
- Al-Jabiri, Bunyah al-‘Aql al-‘Arabi: Dirasah Tahliliyyah al-Naqdiyyah li al-Nuzhum al-Ma’rifah fi al-Tsaqafah al-Islamiyyah (Beirut, Cassablanca: al-Markaz al-Tsaqafi al-‘Arabi, 1993) hlm. 9 dan 485. Untuk ulasan komparatif yang lebih luas terhadap konsep-konsep lainnya bandingkan dengan Syamsul Anwar, “Epistemologi Hukum Islam dalam al-Mustashfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushul Karya al-Ghazali (450-505/1058-1111)”, Disertasi (Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2000). 139-148Budi Handiyanto. Perkawinan Beda Agama. Yogyakarta. Chaerul Bayan.2003, 72.
- Sayyid Sabiq, Fiqh al-Sunnah, jilid 2, (Bairut:Dar al-Fikr 1999), 206.
- Moh.Idris Ramulyo. Hukum Perkawinan Islam. Bandung. Mondar Maju.1990, 23.
- Idris Ramulyo, Analisis hokum perkawinan islam, hal 161.
- Sita Aripurnami, Perempuan dan Pemberdayaan. Program Studi kajian Wanita UI. Jakarta, 1997.hal. 34.
- Mengenai alasan perceraian dan alat bukti untuk mengajukan gugatan diatur dalam pasal 73,74, 75, dan 76 UUPA dan pasal 133, 134 dan 135 KHI.
- Pada Pasal 73 UUPA dijelaskan : (1) Gugatan perceraian diajukan oleh isteri atau kuasanya kepada pengadilan yang daerah hukumnya meliputi tempat kediaman penggugat, kecuali apabila penggugat dengan sengaja meninggalkan tempat kediaman bersama tanpa izin tergugat. (2) Dalam penggugat bertempat kediaman di luar negeri gugatan perceraian diajukan kepada pengadilan yang daerah hukumnya meliputi tempat kediaman tergugat. (3) Dalam hal penggugat dan tergugat bertempat kediaman di luar negeri, maka gugatan diajukan kepada pengadilan yang daerah hukumnya meliputi perkawinan mereka dilangsungkan atau ke Pengadilan Agama Jakarta pusat. Pada Pasal 74 UUPA menyatakan: Apabila gugatan perceraian didasarkan atas alasan salah satu pihak mendapat pidana penjara, maka untuk memperoleh putusan perceraian, sebagai bukti penggugat cukup menyampaikan salinan putusan pengadilan yang berwenang yang memutuskan perkara disertai keterangan yang menyatakan bahwa putusan itu telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap.
- Abdurrahman, Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia, hal.140-141
- Ahmad Rofiq, Hukum Islam di Indonesia, (Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 1998), hal. 287- 288.
- Undang-Undang Perkawinan No 1 Tahun 1974 Pasal 39
- Sobri Mersi Al-paqi, Solusi Problematika Rumah Tangga Modern (Surabaya: Pustaka Yasir) 2011
- Abdul Muhaimin As’ad.Risalah Nikah. Surabaya. Bintang Terong.1993, 3.
- Sulaiman Rasjid.Fiqih Islam. Bandung. Sinar Baru Algesinda.1994, 37
- http://agussyafii.blogspot.com/2009/02/5-konsep-membina-keluarga- bahagia.html#ixzz1uhJYoTLO
- Syamsuddin Abi Abdillah Muhammad bin Abi Bakr. 1980. A’laam al-Muwaqqi’iin ‘an
- Rabb al-‘Aalamiin. Cairo: Maktabah Al-Kulliyaat Al-Azhar, jilid. 1, hal. 202. Lihat juga Ibrahim
- Hoesen, Fikih Perbandingan dalam Masalah Nikah, Thalaq, Rujuk dan Hukum Kewarisan. Jakarta:
- Balai Penerbitan dan Perpustakaan Islam Yayasan Ihya Ulumuddin Indonesia, 1971, 4.
- Sobri Mersi Al-paqi, Solusi Problematika Rumah Tangga Modern (Surabaya: Pustaka Yasir) 2011, hal 43.
References
Depag RI, Bahan Penyuluhan Hukum, Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 tahun 1974. Tentang Perkawinan, 117.
Sobri Mersi Al-Faqi, Solusi Problematika Modern, (Surabaya: Pustaka Yasir, 2011), 29.
Al-Qur’an Surat an-Nisa(4) ayat 35
Dedi Junaedi, Bimbingan Perkawinan, Membina Keluarga Sakinah Menurut Al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah, (Jakarta: Akademi Presindo, 2010), 15.
Shoheh Fiqh Sunnah 1. Mubah, its rule is women was hateful cohabit its husband because dislike and fear can't accomplish its husband rights that and can not uphold Allah limitation in obedience to her, with God's decree basic: “If you are worried that both (spouse) can't carry on Allah laws, therefore no sin on both about pay which gave for a wife redeems her.” (Qs. Al Baqarah 2:229). Ibnu Hits to give rule with al Khulu ’ it by declares for that it is a husband divorce its wife with replacings paying hand over to husband. This was prohibitted but in a state worried both or one of it can't perform that commanded by God. It can appearance of to be not deep sukaan family intercourse, can become since its bad behavior or its fleshly thing. And so do lost this prohibition if both needs since worried al Bainunah al's causative sin I bra (big separate or divorce three). Syeikh al Basâm declares for al Khulu lets that ’ (sue parts) for woman if wives hate its husband behavior or worried sin because can't accomplish its rights. If husbands loves it, therefore for following sunnah wives patient and not chooses separate. 2. Bastard, if husband gets into a mess wives and boycott it or not give its rights witting and a sort it that wives pays to her ransom by way of divorce sue. Al Khulu ’ the batil and its ransom is backed to woman and woman state makes a abode as origin it, if khulu ’ not with lafazh divorce. And if wife asks for to part eventually its family relationship good and not happening dispute and wrangle between wife husband couple and no reason syar ’ i. one corrects to mark sense khulu ’. 3. Sunnah, if husband despises (Mufarrith) right for rights God therefore wives following the sunnah al Khulu ’ terminological Ahmad Bin Hambal's. 4. Mandatory, sometimes al Khulu ’ as its law mandatory on plays favorites situation as person that never does sholat, eventually was reminded. Such also on problem, suppose husbands have confidence or conduct who can issue it of islam and makes it heterodox. Women can't prove it infrint of jurisdiction judge for punishment apart or can prove it, but judge jurisdiction not heterodox give the punishment and nor part liabilities. Therefore mandatory to the woman of under the circumstances to ask for of its husband that khulu ’ although has to turn over asset. Since is not equitable a muslimah becomes person wife that have confidence and atheist conduct.
Asghar ali Engginer, Pembebasan prempuan, terjemahan Agus nuryanto(Yogyakarta:Lkis,2003),127.
Tim Penyusun Buku, Analisis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perceraian, Jakarta 317, Ditbinbanpera Depag RI, 1990, 69-73.
Shahih Fikih Sunnah 3/340
Taudhih al-Ahkâm Min Bulugh al-Marâm, Syeikh Abdullah bin Abdurrahman al-Basâm, cetakan kelima tahun 1423H, Maktabah al-Asadi, Makkah 5/468
Amir, Syarifuddin, Hukum Perkawinan Islam di Indoneia antara Fiqh Munakahat dan Undang-undang Perkawinan. Jakarta: Prenada Media. 2007.
Fat-hul Bari 9
Taudhih al-Ahkâm 5/469
Nail al-Author Min Ahadits Sayyid al-Akhyaar Syarh Muntaqaa al-Akhbaar, Muhammad bin Ali al-Syaukani, tahqiq Muhammad Saalim Haasyim, cetakan pertama tahun 1415 H, Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah, Bairut 6/260
Al-Jabiri, Bunyah al-‘Aql al-‘Arabi: Dirasah Tahliliyyah al-Naqdiyyah li al-Nuzhum al-Ma’rifah fi al-Tsaqafah al-Islamiyyah (Beirut, Cassablanca: al-Markaz al-Tsaqafi al-‘Arabi, 1993) hlm. 9 dan 485. Untuk ulasan komparatif yang lebih luas terhadap konsep-konsep lainnya bandingkan dengan Syamsul Anwar, “Epistemologi Hukum Islam dalam al-Mustashfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushul Karya al-Ghazali (450-505/1058-1111)”, Disertasi (Yogyakarta: Program Pascasarjana IAIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2000). 139-148Budi Handiyanto. Perkawinan Beda Agama. Yogyakarta. Chaerul Bayan.2003, 72.
Sayyid Sabiq, Fiqh al-Sunnah, jilid 2, (Bairut:Dar al-Fikr 1999), 206.
Moh.Idris Ramulyo. Hukum Perkawinan Islam. Bandung. Mondar Maju.1990, 23.
Idris Ramulyo, Analisis hokum perkawinan islam, hal 161.
Sita Aripurnami, Perempuan dan Pemberdayaan. Program Studi kajian Wanita UI. Jakarta, 1997.hal. 34.
Mengenai alasan perceraian dan alat bukti untuk mengajukan gugatan diatur dalam pasal 73,74, 75, dan 76 UUPA dan pasal 133, 134 dan 135 KHI.
Pada Pasal 73 UUPA dijelaskan : (1) Gugatan perceraian diajukan oleh isteri atau kuasanya kepada pengadilan yang daerah hukumnya meliputi tempat kediaman penggugat, kecuali apabila penggugat dengan sengaja meninggalkan tempat kediaman bersama tanpa izin tergugat. (2) Dalam penggugat bertempat kediaman di luar negeri gugatan perceraian diajukan kepada pengadilan yang daerah hukumnya meliputi tempat kediaman tergugat. (3) Dalam hal penggugat dan tergugat bertempat kediaman di luar negeri, maka gugatan diajukan kepada pengadilan yang daerah hukumnya meliputi perkawinan mereka dilangsungkan atau ke Pengadilan Agama Jakarta pusat. Pada Pasal 74 UUPA menyatakan: Apabila gugatan perceraian didasarkan atas alasan salah satu pihak mendapat pidana penjara, maka untuk memperoleh putusan perceraian, sebagai bukti penggugat cukup menyampaikan salinan putusan pengadilan yang berwenang yang memutuskan perkara disertai keterangan yang menyatakan bahwa putusan itu telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap.
Abdurrahman, Kompilasi Hukum Islam di Indonesia, hal.140-141
Ahmad Rofiq, Hukum Islam di Indonesia, (Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 1998), hal. 287- 288.
Undang-Undang Perkawinan No 1 Tahun 1974 Pasal 39
Sobri Mersi Al-paqi, Solusi Problematika Rumah Tangga Modern (Surabaya: Pustaka Yasir) 2011
Abdul Muhaimin As’ad.Risalah Nikah. Surabaya. Bintang Terong.1993, 3.
Sulaiman Rasjid.Fiqih Islam. Bandung. Sinar Baru Algesinda.1994, 37
http://agussyafii.blogspot.com/2009/02/5-konsep-membina-keluarga- bahagia.html#ixzz1uhJYoTLO
Syamsuddin Abi Abdillah Muhammad bin Abi Bakr. 1980. A’laam al-Muwaqqi’iin ‘an
Rabb al-‘Aalamiin. Cairo: Maktabah Al-Kulliyaat Al-Azhar, jilid. 1, hal. 202. Lihat juga Ibrahim
Hoesen, Fikih Perbandingan dalam Masalah Nikah, Thalaq, Rujuk dan Hukum Kewarisan. Jakarta:
Balai Penerbitan dan Perpustakaan Islam Yayasan Ihya Ulumuddin Indonesia, 1971, 4.
Sobri Mersi Al-paqi, Solusi Problematika Rumah Tangga Modern (Surabaya: Pustaka Yasir) 2011, hal 43.