Implementation of the Method for Determining the Beginning of the Hijri Month and Conversion of the Date of Eid al-Fitr 2025 AD/1446 AH Gregorian - Hijri

Abstract

This study focuses on analysing the determination of the beginning of the moon as well as the transition from the Gregorian calendar to the Qamariyah calendar through the review of Islamic astronomy. The findings of this study suggest that the determination of the first day for the beginning of the calendar is possible by two methods, namely hisab and rukyat. In astronomical studies, the approach used to calculate the beginning of the lunar year and convert the Gregorian year into the Qamariyah year is the calculation system with hishab. In this case, the hisab to determine the beginning of the months of Shawwal, Zulqaedah, and Dhulhijjah in 1444 Hijri undergoes an istiqmal process, so that the number of days is rounded up to 30 days, because the crescent visibility criteria have not reached the determined standard. The hope of this research is to provide a deeper understanding for the government and religious leaders, both those who have experience and those who do not, regarding an accurate and modern way to calculate the beginning of the month as well as the alignment of Gregorian rules with Qamariyah. Additionally, it is hoped that students, particularly those from the Department of Shariah and Law and the astrophysics study programme, will directly participate in disseminating information to the public about the system for calculating the first day of the calendar and the conversion from Gregorian rules to Qamariyah rules.