The economic impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20414/jed.v5i1.6802Keywords:
illicit drug trafficking, asymmetric warfare, defense systemAbstract
Purpose — This research aims to analyze the economic impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia.
Method — This research uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques using interviews and literature studies. Researchers conduct interviews with officials related to the National Narcotics Board with 10 people and officials from the Defense Potential Directorate of the Indonesian Ministry of Defense with 2 people.
Result — Illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia has an impact on the national resilience of the Indonesian nation. The impact covers all aspects of astagatra, which consists of trigatra aspects, namely demographic, geographical, and natural resources aspects, and pancagatra aspects, which consist of ideological, political, economic, socio-cultural, and defense-security aspects. In economics, research has shown that the economic loss due to drugs amounts to 84.7 trillion rupiahs due to illicit drug trafficking, where 77.42 trillion rupiahs is a personal loss and 7.27 trillion rupiahs is a social cost. Moreover, drug addicts will find it difficult to get a job, given that the impact of rejection from the community and the work environment reaches 92%. Cooperation between agencies and community participation is necessary to address it. This is because Indonesia's defense system is total people's defense and security system (Sishankamrata), which requires the participation of all components of the nation.
Contribution — This research add to the knowledge about the impact of asymmetric warfare through illicit drug trafficking, specifically the economic impact. In addition, this research is expected to be a source of input for the government in developing strategic steps to counter illicit drug trafficking which is asymmetric warfare.
Downloads
References
Abimanyu, B. (2017). Gurita Narkoba di Indonesia (S. Muarif & D. Suito (eds.)). Indonesia Press.
Abimanyu, B. (2019). Perang Narkoba di Indonesia. Indonesia Press.
Akbar, Y. (2022). Industri Pertahanan Indonesia Dikaitkan Situasi Dan Kondisi Peperangan Asimetris. JIEMAR, 6(6), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.7777/jiemar
Akmalina, A., Widodo, P., & Wahyudi, B. (2019). Strategi pemerintah indonesia dalam penanggulangan ancaman narcoterrorism. Jurnal Peperangan Asimetris, 5(2), 45–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33172/pa.v5i2.410
Anggraini, D. (2016). Kebijakan ASEAN dalam Menanggulangi Penyalahgunaan Narkotika dan Obat-obatan Berbahaya di Asia Tenggara. Jurnal Analisis Hubungan Internasional, 5(3), 36–51. http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/download-fullpapers-jahia4c94d642efull.pdf
Arango, M. J. C. (2008). Modern Warfare from the Colombian Perspective. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA491149
Arismunandar, S. (2013). Indonesia Sebagai Sasaran Perang Asimetris. https://www.academia.edu/4845223/Indonesia_Sebagai_Sasaran_Perang_Asimetris
Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2019). Press Release Akhir Tahun 2019. In Badan Narkotika Nasional. https://bnn.go.id/konten/unggahan/2019/12/DRAFT-LAMPIRAN-PRESS-RELEASE-AKHIR-TAHUN-2019-1-.pdf
Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2020). Press Release Akhir Tahun 2020. https://bnn.go.id/press-release-akhir-tahun-2020/
Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2021). Press Release Kinerja Tahun 2021.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020 (Issue 7).
Buffaloe, D. L. (2006). Defining Asymmetric Warfare (Issue 58). The Institute Of Land Warfare.
Dwicahyono, T., Octavian, A., Bura, R. O., Hendrantoro, G., & Widodo, P. (2021). Maritime Asymmetric Warfare in Archipelagic States?; The Indonesian Phenomena Maritime Asymmetric Warfare in Archipelagic States?: The Indonesian Phenomena. Journal of Strategic and Global Studies, 4(2), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.7454/jsgs.v4i2.1045
Etter, G. W., & Lehmuth, E. L. (2013). The Mexican Drug Wars: Organized Crime, Narco-Terrorism, Insurgencyor Asymmetric Warfare? Journal of Gang Research, 20(4), 1–34. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312239972_The_Mexican_Drug_Wars_Organized_Crime_Narco-Terrorism_Insurgency_or_Asymmetric_Warfare
Fathurrohman. (2020a). Analisis sentralitas aktor dalam memahami jaringan peredaran gelap narkoba di kalimantan barat. Jurnal Wacana Publik, 14(02), 125–130. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37295/wp.v14i2.48
Fathurrohman. (2020b). Wajah Kejahatan Narkoba Indonesia. The Journal publishing.
Fathurrohman, & Bichler, G. (2021). Explaining the Positional Importance of Actors Involved in Trafficking Methamphetamine Into Indonesia. Global Crime, 22(2), 93–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2020.1819249
Filomeno, E., Duarte, B., Widagdo, S., & Soleh, M. (2018). Strategy Units Reserse Drugs ( Satreskoba ) Police Resor ( Polres ) Malang City in the Asimetric War against Drugs Which Threatening the National Security. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 23(7), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2307085056
Grantham, D., & Arocha, J. G. (2022). Weaponized Drug Trafficking?: How Venezuela Built A Super Cartel to Attack The United States. Transregionla Threats Journal, 10(September), 1–20. https://www.securefreesociety.org/research/weaponized-drug-trafficking/
Guchua, A. (2018). Asymmetrical Threats and the Impact of Hybrid War on Global Security and Role of NATO in Ensuring Peace. Strona, 2(2), 213–224. https://doi.org/10.33674/2201811
Humas BNN. (2022). Akselerasi War On Drugs Tak Kenal Lelah Pantang Menyerah. https://bnn.go.id/akselerasi-war-drugs-tak-kenal-lelah-pantang-menyerah/
Kadarmanta, A., & Effriyanti. (2022). Dampak Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Terhadap Aspek Sosial Dan Ekonomi Di Wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. BULLET: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 01(4), 729–735. https://journal.mediapublikasi.id/index.php/bullet/article/view/1019
Lele, A. (2014). Asymmetric Warfare?: A State vs Non-State Conflict. OASIS, 20, 97–111. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/531/53163822007.pdf
Mejia, D., & Restrepo, P. (2016). Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization trafficking. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 126, 255–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.11.003
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis?: A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Pranoto, M. A., & Hendrajit. (2016). Perang Asimetris & Skema Penjajahan Gaya Baru (F. Ali (ed.)). Global Future Institute Indonesia Publisher.
Pusat Penelitian Data dan Informasi Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2017). Survey Nasional Penyalahgunaan Narkoba di 34 Provinsi Tahun 2017.
Pusat Penelitian Data dan Informasi Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2022). Survey Nasional Penyalahgunaan Narkoba 2021. Pusat Penelitian, Data, dan Informasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Republik Indonesia.
Puslitdatin Badan Narkotika Nasional. (2020). Survey Prevalensi Penyalahguna Narkoba 2019. Puslitdatin BNN.
Ravel, S., & Patnistik, E. (2018, January 19). Menkeu?: Peredaran Narkoba Ganggu Perekonomian Bangsa. Kompas.Com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2018/01/19/15271211/menkeu-peredaran-narkoba-ganggu-perekonomian-bangsa
Reaves, J. L. (2003). the Emerging Threat of Illicit Drug Funding of Terrorist Organizations (No. 0704–0188). https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=451496
Samsu. (2017). Metode Penelitian: Teori dan Aplikasi Penelitian Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, Mixed Methods, serta Research & Development (Rusmini (ed.)). Pusat Studi Agama dan Kemasyarakatan (PUSAKA).
Singer, M. (2008). Drugs and development?: The global impact of drug use and trafficking on social and economic development. The International Journal of Drug Policy, 19(Desember), 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.007
Tanjung, A., Midhio, I. W., & Syarifuddin, K. F. (2021). Kajian Literatur: Penerapan Strategi Perang Semesta Dalam Perang Asimetris Yang Dilakukan Oleh Indonesia. Jurnal Strategi Perang Semesta, 7(2), 144–160. https://jurnalprodi.idu.ac.id/index.php/SPS/article/view/685
Tatara, B. A., Suhirwan, & Afifuddin, M. (2022a). Illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia from the perspective of asymmetric warfare. International Journal of Politics and Sociology Research, 10(3), 145–152. https://www.ijobsor.pelnus.ac.id/index.php/ijopsor/article/view/56
Tatara, B. A., Suhirwan, & Afifuddin, M. (2022b). The active defense strategy of the National Narcotics Board of the Republic of Indonesia in facing asymmetric warfare. International Journal of Advances in Social and Economics, 4(3), 84–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33122/ijase.v4i3.226
Tatara, B. A., & Timur, F. G. C. (2023). The Role of Law in Facing Asymmetric Warfare Through Illicit Drug Trafficking in Indonesia. International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 2(4), 1100–1108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v2i4.340
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2017). The drug problem and organized crime, illicit financial flows, corruption and terrorism. United Nations Publication. https://doi.org/10.18356/550b8369-en
Vallejos, O. (2011). Fourth Generation Warfare In Chile?: Illicit Drug Trafficking Threats. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA560442
Wibowo, J. A. (2020). Isu Global Kontemporer?: Virus Corona dan Narkoba sebagai Ancaman Ketahanan Nasional. https://www.academia.edu/43362500/ISU_GLOBAL_KONTEMPORER_VIRUS_CORONA_DAN_NARKOBA_SEBAGAI_ANCAMAN_KETAHANAN_NASIONAL
Wiswayana, W. M., & Pinatih, N. K. D. A. (2020). Pandemi dan Tantangan Ketahanan Nasional Indonesia?: Sebuah Tinjauan Kritis. Jurnal Kajian Lemhanas RI, 43(September), 3–9. https://www.lemhannas.go.id/images/Publikasi_Humas/Jurnal/Jurnal_Edisi_43_September_2020.pdf#page=5
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Beny Abukhaer Tatara, Suhirwan Suhirwan, Mochammad Afifuddin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
